ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person’s brain functions, influencing their attention, impulse control, and ability to regulate their energy levels. While ADHD is often diagnosed in childhood, it can persist into adulthood and can sometimes go undiagnosed for years.

Symptoms of ADHD are generally categorised into two main types: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, though the condition can vary greatly from one individual to another.

Inattention:

• Individuals may struggle to focus on tasks, leading to careless mistakes or difficulty completing assignments or projects.
• They might often appear forgetful, frequently misplace things, or fail to follow through on instructions.
• They may have trouble organising tasks or activities and find it challenging to sustain attention during conversations or while listening to others.
• They could also be easily distracted by external stimuli or their own thoughts, leading to frequent lapses in attention.

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

• People with ADHD may feel restless or fidgety, often finding it hard to sit still, particularly in situations that require calmness or patience, such as meetings or classes.
• They may act impulsively, interrupting others or speaking out of turn without considering the consequences.
• They might experience difficulty waiting their turn or engaging in activities that require turn-taking.
• Impulsivity can also manifest in risky behaviours or poor decision-making, as individuals may act without fully thinking things through.

ADHD in adults often presents differently than in children. While hyperactivity tends to decrease with age, adults with ADHD may continue to face difficulties with time management, organisation, prioritisation, and maintaining focus on tasks. These challenges can affect various aspects of life, including work, relationships, and daily responsibilities.

Causes of ADHD are not fully understood, but it is believed to have a strong genetic component. Environmental factors, such as prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol, or drugs, and premature birth, may also contribute. ADHD is often linked to differences in the brain's structure and function, particularly in areas responsible for attention, executive function, and impulse control.

Treatment for ADHD typically involves a combination of approaches:

• Medication: Stimulants (like methylphenidate or amphetamines) and non-stimulants (such as atomoxetine) are commonly prescribed to help manage symptoms. These medications can improve attention, focus, and impulse control.
• Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): CBT can help individuals develop coping strategies, organisational skills, and better ways of managing their symptoms.
• Lifestyle modifications: Regular physical activity, a structured routine, healthy eating, and sufficient sleep can help manage ADHD symptoms.
• Support and coaching: Adult ADHD coaching or support groups can assist in navigating the daily challenges ADHD presents in the workplace and personal life.

It's important to note that every person with ADHD experiences the condition differently, and treatment should be tailored to the individual's specific needs. With the right support and strategies in place, people with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives.